Electrostatics of quadrupolarizable media
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Abstract
The classical macroscopic Maxwell equations are approximated. They are a
corollary of the multipole expansion of the local electrostatic potential up to
dipolar terms. But quadrupolarization of the medium should not be neglected if
the molecules which build up the medium possess large quadrupole moment or do
not have any dipole moment. If we include the quadrupolar terms in Maxwell
equations we obtain the quadrupolar analogue of Poisson's equation: