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Enhanced pre-operative axillary staging using intradermal microbubbles and contrast-enhanced ultrasound to detect and biopsy sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer: a potential replacement for axillary surgery.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Cox, Karina 
Taylor-Phillips, Sian  ORCID logo  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-4346
Sharma, Nisha 
Weeks, Jennifer 
Mills, Philippa 

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare the experience of four UK Centres in the use of intradermal microbubbles and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to pre-operatively identify and biopsy sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: In all centres, breast cancer patients had a microbubble/CEUS SLN core biopsy prior to axillary surgery and patients in Centres 1 and 2 had a normal greyscale axillary ultrasound. Data were collected between 2010 and 2016; 1361 from Centre 1 (prospective, sequential), 376 from Centre 2 (retrospective, sequential), 121 from Centre 3 (retrospective, selected) and 48 from Centre 4 (prospective, selected). RESULTS: SLN were successfully core biopsied in 80% (Centre 1), 79.6% (Centre 2), 77.5% (Centre 3) and 88% (Centre 4). The sensitivities to identify all SLN metastases were 46.9% [95% confidence intervals (CI) (39.4-55.1)], 52.5% [95% CI (39.1-65.7)], 46.4% [95% CI (27.5-66.1)] and 45.5% [95% CI (16.7-76.6)], respectively. The specificities were 99.7% [95% CI (I98.9-100)], 98.1% [95% CI (94.5-99.6)], 100% [95% CI (93.2-100%)] and 96.3% [95% CI (81-99.9)], respectively.The negative predictive values were 87.0% [95% CI (84.3-89.3)], 84.5% [95% CI (78.4-89.5)], 86.9% [95% CI (82.4-90.3)] and 86.2% [95% CI (78.4-91.5)], respectively. At Centres 1 and 2, 12/730 (1.6%) and 7/181 (4%), respectively, of patients with a benign microbubble/CEUS SLN core biopsy had two or more lymph node (LN) macrometastases found at the end of primary surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: The identification and biopsy of SLN using CEUS is a reproducible technique. Advances in knowledge: In the era of axillary conservation, microbubble/CEUS SLN core biopsy has the potential to succeed surgical staging of the axilla.

Description

Keywords

Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Axilla, Breast Neoplasms, Contrast Media, Female, Humans, Lymphatic Metastasis, Microbubbles, Middle Aged, Preoperative Care, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sentinel Lymph Node, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Ultrasonography, Mammary

Journal Title

Br J Radiol

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0007-1285
1748-880X

Volume Title

91

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)