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Twenty-Five Years of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective, Single-Center Analysis.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Adams, Hadie 
Cardim, Danilo 
Kolias, Angelos G 

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Intracranial pressure (ICP) is a clinically important variable after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and has been monitored, along with clinical outcome, for over 25 yr in Addenbrooke's hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom. This time period has also seen changes in management strategies with the implementation of protocolled specialist neurocritical care, expansion of neuromonitoring techniques, and adjustments of clinical treatment targets. OBJECTIVE: To describe the changes in intracranial monitoring variables over the past 25 yr. METHODS: Data from 1146 TBI patients requiring ICP monitoring were analyzed. Monitored variables included ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and the cerebral pressure reactivity index (PRx). Data were stratified into 5-yr epochs spanning the 25 yr from 1992 to 2017. RESULTS: CPP increased sharply with specialist neurocritical care management (P < 0.0001) (introduction of a specific TBI management algorithm) before stabilizing from 2000 onwards. ICP decreased significantly over the 25 yr of monitoring from an average of 19 to 12 mmHg (P < 0.0001) but PRx remained unchanged. The mean number of ICP plateau waves and the number of patients developing refractory intracranial hypertension both decreased significantly. Mortality did not significantly change in the cohort (22%). CONCLUSION: We demonstrate the evolving trends in neurophysiological monitoring over the past 25 yr from a single, academic neurocritical care unit. ICP and CPP were responsive to the introduction of an ICP/CPP protocol while PRx has remained unchanged.

Description

Keywords

Autoregulation, Cerebral hemodynamics, Intracranial pressure, Outcome, Traumatic brain injury, Adolescent, Adult, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Intracranial Pressure, Male, Middle Aged, Neurophysiological Monitoring, Retrospective Studies, United Kingdom

Journal Title

Neurosurgery

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0148-396X
1524-4040

Volume Title

85

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Sponsorship
Medical Research Council (G0001237)
Medical Research Council (G9439390)
Medical Research Council (G0600986)
Medical Research Council (G0601025)
Medical Research Council (G1002277)
NETSCC (None)
NETSCC (None)
TCC (None)
Medical Research Council (G0600986/1)
Medical Research Council (G1002277/1)