This article is about the relationship between everyday practice in schools and the development of agency. It examines two areas of current concern in which agency is seen to play a key role: young people’s mental health or human flourishing and their development as citizens. The argument is made that the foundation stone of agency is self-efficacy and that related crucial attitudes and beliefs are learned in school. The role of agency in learning and its importance in young people’s psychosocial development are discussed. The latter part of the article focuses upon how schools can become effectively agency orientated.