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SCELIDOSAURUS HARRISONII OWEN, 1861 (DINOSAURIA: ORNITHISCHIA) FROM THE EARLY JURASSIC OF DORSET, ENGLAND: BIOLOGY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Article

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Abstract

A layer of keratinous scutes encased the skull of Scelidosaurus. The neurocranium as well as the associated principal sensory systems of this dinosaur are described. The cranial musculature is reconstructed and a subsequent functional analysis suggests that jaw motion was orthal, allowing pulping of vegetation and some high-angle shearing between opposing teeth. Wishboning of the lower jaw was enabled by transverse displacement of the quadrates; and the long-axis mandibular torsion that occurred during the chewing cycle was permitted by flexibility at the dentary symphysis. Limb proportions and pectoral and pelvic musculature reconstructions suggest that Scelidosaurus was a facultative quadruped of ‘average’ locomotor ability; it retains some anatomical features indicative of a bipedal-cursorial ancestry. Hindlimb motion was oblique-to-parasagittal to accommodate the girth of the abdomen. Scelidosaurus used a combination of costal and abdominally driven aspiration. The hypothesis that respiration was an ‘evolutionary driver’ of opisthopuby in all dinosaurs is overly simplistic. A critical assessment of datasets used to analyse the systematics of ornithischians (and thyreophoran subclades) has led to a revised dataset that positions Scelidosaurus as a stem ankylosaur, rather than a stem thyreophoran. The value of phylogenetic definitions is reconsidered in the light of the new thyreophoran cladogram.

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Keywords

ORNITHOSCELIDA, THYREOPHORA, ANKYLOSAUROMORPHA, SYSTEMATICS, PHYLOGENETICS, FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY, INTERPRETATIVE BIOLOGY

Journal Title

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0024-4082
1096-3642

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Publisher

Oxford University Press

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All rights reserved
Sponsorship
Isaac Newton Trust (MINUTE 1106(M))
PRISM FUND, TRINITY COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON DC, ST JOHN'S COLLEGE OXFORD.