Abstract: Swirl-stabilized, turbulent, non-premixed ethylene–air flames at atmospheric pressure with downstream radially-injected dilution air were investigated from the perspective of soot emissions. The velocity and location of the dilution air jets were systematically varied while the global equivalence ratio was kept constant at 0.3. The employed laser diagnostics included 5 kHz planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of OH, 10 Hz PAH-PLIF, and 10 Hz laser-induced incandescence (LII) imaging of soot particles. OH-PLIF images showed that the reaction zone widens with dilution, and that regions with high OH-LIF signal shift from the shear layer to the axis of the burner as dilution increases. Dilution is effective at mitigating soot formation within the central recirculation zone (CRZ), as evident by the smaller PAH-containing regions and the much weaker LII signal. Dilution is also effective at halting PAH and soot propagation downstream of the dilution air injection point. The high momentum dilution air circulates upstream to the root of the flame and reduces fuel penetration lengths, induces fast mixing, and increases velocities within the CRZ. Soot intermittency increased with high dilution velocities and dilution jet distances up to two bluff body diameters from the burner inlet, with detection probabilities of < 5% compared to 50% without dilution. These results reveal that soot formation and oxidation within the RQL are dependant on the amount and location of dilution air injected. This data can be used to validate turbulent combustion models for soot.