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The Nature of Islamophobia: A Test of a Tripartite View in Five Countries.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Sidanius, Jim 
Zick, Andreas 
Kimel, Sasha 

Abstract

This article provides an examination of the structure of Islamophobia across cultures. Our novel measure-the Tripartite Islamophobia Scale (TIS)-embeds three theoretically and statistically grounded subcomponents of Islamophobia: anti-Muslim prejudice, anti-Islamic sentiment, and conspiracy beliefs. Across six samples (i.e., India, Poland, Germany, France, and the United States), preregistered analyses corroborated that these three subcomponents are statistically distinct. Measurement invariance analyses indicated full scalar invariance, suggesting that the tripartite understanding of Islamophobia is generalizable across cultural contexts. Furthermore, the subcomponents were partially dissociated in terms of the intergroup emotions they are predicted by as well as the intergroup outcomes they predict (e.g., dehumanization, ethnic persecution). For example, intergroup anger and disgust underpin Islamophobic attitudes, over and above the impact of fear. Finally, our results show that social dominance orientation (SDO) and ingroup identification moderate intergroup emotions and Islamophobia. We address both theoretical implications for the nature of Islamophobia and practical interventions to reduce it.

Description

Funder: Excellence Initiative of the states and the federal government (German Research Foundation)

Keywords

anger, disgust, fear, islamophobia, measurement-invariance, Adult, Attitude, Female, France, Germany, Humans, India, Islam, Male, Phobic Disorders, Poland, Prejudice, Social Dominance, United States

Journal Title

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0146-1672
1552-7433

Volume Title

47

Publisher

SAGE Publications