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What Contributes to the Inter-Annual Variability in Tropical Lower Stratospheric Temperatures?

Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Abstract

jats:titleAbstract</jats:title>jats:pThe inter‐annual variability in mid and lower stratospheric temperatures for the period 1984–2019 is decomposed into dynamical and radiative contributions using a radiative calculation perturbed with changes in dynamical heating, trace gases and aerosol optical depth. The temperature timeseries obtained is highly correlated with the de‐seasonalized ERA5 temperature (jats:italicr</jats:italic>jats:sup2</jats:sup> > 0.6 in the region 15 to 70 hPa, 1992 to 2019–after the Pinatubo volcanic eruption). Ozone and dynamical heating contributions are found to be equally important, with water vapor, stratospheric aerosols, and carbon dioxide playing smaller roles. Prominent aspects of the temperature timeseries are closely reproduced, including the 1991 Pinatubo volcanic eruption, the year‐2000 water vapor drop, and the 2016 Quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) disruption. Below 20 hPa, ozone is primarily controlled by transport and is positively correlated to the upwelling. This ozone‐transport feedback acts to increase the temperature response to a change in upwelling by providing an additional ozone‐induced radiative temperature change. This can be quantified as an enhancement of the dynamical heating of about 20% at 70 hPa. A Principal Oscillation Pattern (POP) analysis is used to estimate the contribution of the ozone QBO (±1 K at 70 hPa). The non‐QBO ozone variability is also shown to be significant. Using the QBO leading POP timeseries as representative of the regular QBO signal, the QBO 2016 disruption is shown to have an anomalously large radiative impact on temperature due to the ozone change (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/jgrd57540-math-0001.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:2169897X:media:jgrd57540:jgrd57540-math-0001" /> at 70 hPa).</jats:p>

Description

Funder: Leverhulme Trust; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275


Funder: Newton Trust

Keywords

37 Earth Sciences, 3701 Atmospheric Sciences, 13 Climate Action

Journal Title

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2169-897X
2169-8996

Volume Title

127

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Sponsorship
Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2018-336)
Isaac Newton Trust (18.08(n))