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Fractionating autism based on neuroanatomical normative modeling.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Floris, Dorothea L 
Wolfers, Thomas 
Tillmann, Julian 

Abstract

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with substantial phenotypic, biological, and etiologic heterogeneity. It remains a challenge to identify biomarkers to stratify autism into replicable cognitive or biological subtypes. Here, we aim to introduce a novel methodological framework for parsing neuroanatomical subtypes within a large cohort of individuals with autism. We used cortical thickness (CT) in a large and well-characterized sample of 316 participants with autism (88 female, age mean: 17.2 ± 5.7) and 206 with neurotypical development (79 female, age mean: 17.5 ± 6.1) aged 6-31 years across six sites from the EU-AIMS multi-center Longitudinal European Autism Project. Five biologically based putative subtypes were derived using normative modeling of CT and spectral clustering. Three of these clusters showed relatively widespread decreased CT and two showed relatively increased CT. These subtypes showed morphometric differences from one another, providing a potential explanation for inconsistent case-control findings in autism, and loaded differentially and more strongly onto symptoms and polygenic risk, indicating a dilution of clinical effects across heterogeneous cohorts. Our results provide an important step towards parsing the heterogeneous neurobiology of autism.

Description

Funder: Wellcome Trust (Wellcome); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100004440


Funder: SBC was funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Autism Research Trust during the period of this work.


Funder: DM was supported by the NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre.

Keywords

Adolescent, Adult, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurobiology, Young Adult

Journal Title

Transl Psychiatry

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2158-3188
2158-3188

Volume Title

10

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Sponsorship
European Commission (278948)
European Commission and European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) FP7 Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) (115300)