This dataset contains firm-size distributions for mid-Victorian era from the 1851-1881 England and Wales censuses and corresponds to Supplementary material for the paper "A tale of two tails: Do Power Law and Lognormal models fit firm-size distributions in the mid-Victorian era?", by Montebruno, P., Bennett, Robert J., van Lieshout, Carry, and Smith, Harry as an outcome of the ESRC project ES/M010953: Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses lead by PI Prof. Robert J. Bennett. The material consists of one raw text file with eight variables: 1. Frequency distribution of 1851 2. Frequency distribution of 1861 3. Frequency distribution of 1871 4. Frequency distribution of 1881 5. Size distribution of 1851 6. Size distribution of 1861 7. Size distribution of 1871 8. Size distribution of 1881 A detailed explanation of how these distributions were obtained and how to use them in the context of firm-size distribution analysis including the distinction between Power Law and Lognormal behaviour in the tails can be found in the paper "A tale of two tails: Do Power Law and Lognormal models fit firm-size distributions in the mid-Victorian era?", by Montebruno, P., Bennett, Robert J., van Lieshout, Carry, and Smith, Harry. The file can be opened in any text editor, database management system (Access) or statistical package (Stata, SPSS). This dataset should be cited as "A tale of two tails: Do Power Law and Lognormal models fit firm-size distributions in the mid-Victorian era?", by Montebruno, P., Bennett, Robert J., van Lieshout, Carry, and Smith, Harry. Please cite using its DOI.