The guideline provides a practical step-by-step guide in order to facilitate high-quality echocardiographic studies of patients with aortic stenosis. In addition, it addresses commonly encountered yet challenging clinical scenarios and covers the use of advanced echocardiographic techniques, including TOE and Dobutamine stress echocardiography in the assessment of aortic stenosis.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of this guidance.
This work did not receive any specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sector.