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A Selective Sweep on a Deleterious Mutation in CPT1A in Arctic Populations.


Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Clemente, Florian J 
Inchley, Charlotte E 
Peter, Benjamin M 

Abstract

Arctic populations live in an environment characterized by extreme cold and the absence of plant foods for much of the year and are likely to have undergone genetic adaptations to these environmental conditions in the time they have been living there. Genome-wide selection scans based on genotype data from native Siberians have previously highlighted a 3 Mb chromosome 11 region containing 79 protein-coding genes as the strongest candidates for positive selection in Northeast Siberians. However, it was not possible to determine which of the genes might be driving the selection signal. Here, using whole-genome high-coverage sequence data, we identified the most likely causative variant as a nonsynonymous G>A transition (rs80356779; c.1436C>T [p.Pro479Leu] on the reverse strand) in CPT1A, a key regulator of mitochondrial long-chain fatty-acid oxidation. Remarkably, the derived allele is associated with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and high infant mortality yet occurs at high frequency in Canadian and Greenland Inuits and was also found at 68% frequency in our Northeast Siberian sample. We provide evidence of one of the strongest selective sweeps reported in humans; this sweep has driven this variant to high frequency in circum-Arctic populations within the last 6-23 ka despite associated deleterious consequences, possibly as a result of the selective advantage it originally provided to either a high-fat diet or a cold environment.

Description

Keywords

0604 Genetics, Genetics, Human Genome

Journal Title

Am J Hum Genet

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0002-9297
1537-6605

Volume Title

95

Publisher

Elsevier BV
Sponsorship
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/H005854/1)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12012/2)
Medical Research Council (MC_G0802535)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/J009865/1)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/H002731/1)
Medical Research Council (G0600717)
European Research Council (261213)
British Heart Foundation (None)
Medical Research Council (MC_PC_12012)
Medical Research Council (G0600717/1)
This research was supported by ERC Starting Investigator grant (FP7 - 261213) to T.K. http://erc.europa.eu/. CTS, YX, QA and MS were supported by the Wellcome Trust (098051). TA was supported by The Wellcome Trust (WT100066MA). M.M and R.V. were supported by EU ERDF Centre of Excellence in Genomics to EBC; T.K, M.M and R.V. by Estonian Institutional Research grant (IUT24-1), and M.M by Estonian Science Foundation (grant 8973).