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Association between sucrose intake and risk of overweight and obesity in a prospective sub-cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk).


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Authors

Kuhnle, Gunter GC 
Tasevska, Natasha 
Lentjes, Marleen AH 
Griffin, Julian L 
Sims, Matthew A 

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to investigate associations between sugar intake and overweight using dietary biomarkers in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: EPIC-Norfolk in the UK, recruitment between 1993 and 1997. SUBJECTS: Men and women (n 1734) aged 39-77 years. Sucrose intake was assessed using 7 d diet diaries. Baseline spot urine samples were analysed for sucrose by GC-MS. Sucrose concentration adjusted by specific gravity was used as a biomarker for intake. Regression analyses were used to investigate associations between sucrose intake and risk of BMI>25·0 kg/m2 after three years of follow-up. RESULTS: After three years of follow-up, mean BMI was 26·8 kg/m2. Self-reported sucrose intake was significantly positively associated with the biomarker. Associations between the biomarker and BMI were positive (β=0·25; 95 % CI 0·08, 0·43), while they were inverse when using self-reported dietary data (β=-1·40; 95 % CI -1·81, -0·99). The age- and sex-adjusted OR for BMI>25·0 kg/m2 in participants in the fifth v. first quintile was 1·54 (95 % CI 1·12, 2·12; P trend=0·003) when using biomarker and 0·56 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·77; P trend<0·001) with self-reported dietary data. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that sucrose measured by objective biomarker but not self-reported sucrose intake is positively associated with BMI. Future studies should consider the use of objective biomarkers of sucrose intake.

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Keywords

Biomarker, Obesity, Sugar, Adult, Aged, Biomarkers, Body Mass Index, Diet, Diet Records, Dietary Sucrose, England, Europe, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Nutritional Status, Obesity, Odds Ratio, Overweight, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Self Report

Journal Title

Public Health Nutr

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1368-9800
1475-2727

Volume Title

18

Publisher

Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Sponsorship
Medical Research Council (G1000143)
Medical Research Council (G0801534)
Medical Research Council (G0401527)
MRC (UD99999933)
Medical Research Council (MC_PC_13030)
Medical Research Council (G0401527/1)
The authors thank all EPIC-Norfolk study participants and staff for their contribution to the study. They also thank the NIHR BRC-MRC BioRepository at the Cambridge Biomedical Campus for providing infrastructure and equipment for sample preparation. Financial support: This project was supported by the Word Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Cancer Research UK and the Medical Research Council (MRC). WCRF, Cancer Research UK and MRC had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article. Conflict of interest: None. Authorship: The responsibilities of the authors were as follows: G.G.C.K. developed the analytical method, conducted the statistical analyses, wrote the manuscript and had primary responsibility for the final content; N.T. conducted statistical analyses and contributed to the manuscript; J.L.G., M.A.S., L.R. and S.M.A. developed the analytical method and conducted sample analyses; M.A.H.L. and A.A.M. were responsible for dietary data analysis and contributed to the manuscript; R.N.L. was responsible for follow-up and data processing; K.-T.K. (principal investigator of EPIC-Norfolk) contributed to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: The study received ethical approval by the Norwich District Health Authority Ethics Committee and all participants gave signed informed consent.