It is obvious that Isaiah Berlin did not like Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and it is not difficult to think of some possible reasons. But I want to begin this chapter by suggesting that we can choose to be puzzled by this dislike of Rousseau perhaps a bit more than we usually are. Jeremy Waldron elsewhere in this collection discusses Berlin’s neglect of what he calls ‘Enlightenment constitutionalism’, focusing on the ways in which he seemed to lack interest in the hard work of designing a constitutional order in which self-interested, not always virtuous, ambitious men might live together in peace, prosperity, and freedom...