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Inkjet-printed graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Repository DOI


Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Dodoo-Arhin, D 
Howe, RCT 
Zhang, Y 
Hiralal, P 

Abstract

We present a stable inkjet printable graphene ink, formulated in isopropyl alcohol via liquid phase exfoliation of chemically pristine graphite with a polymer stabilizer. The rheology and low deposition temperature of the ink allow uniform printing. We use the graphene ink to fabricate counter electrodes (CE) for natural and ruthenium-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The repeatability of the printing process for the CEs is demonstrated through an array of inkjet-printed graphene electrodes, with ∼5% standard deviation in the sheet resistance. As photosensitizers, we investigate natural tropical dye extracts from Pennisetum glaucum, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Among the three natural dyes, we find extracts from C. pulcherrima exhibit the best performance, with ∼0.9% conversion efficiency using a printed graphene CE and a comparable ∼1.1% efficiency using a platinum (Pt) CE. When used with N719 dye, the inkjet-printed graphene CE shows a ∼3.0% conversion efficiency, compared to ∼4.4% obtained using Pt CEs. Our results show that inkjet printable graphene inks, without any chemical functionalization, offers a flexible and scalable fabrication route, with a material cost of only ∼2.7% of the equivalent solution processed Pt-based electrodes.

Description

Keywords

40 Engineering, 4016 Materials Engineering, 34 Chemical Sciences, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Journal Title

Carbon

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0008-6223
1873-3891

Volume Title

105

Publisher

Elsevier BV
Sponsorship
Authors acknowledge support from CAPREX, Cambridge Africa Alborada Fund, Carnegie-University of Ghana Next Generation of Africa Academics programme and the Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) through a research fellowship (Graphlex).