The Sleep/Wake Cycle Is Directly Modulated by Changes in Energy Balance
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Authors
Collet, Tinh-Hai
van der Klaauw, Agatha
Suddaby, Diane
Dachi, Sekesai V
Dunbar, Síle
Kelway, Sarah
Dickson, Suzanne L
Schmid, Sebastian M
Publication Date
2016-09-01Journal Title
Sleep
ISSN
0161-8105
Publisher
Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC
Volume
39
Pages
1691-1700
Language
English
Type
Article
This Version
AM
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Collet, T., van der Klaauw, A., Henning, E., Keogh, J., Suddaby, D., Dachi, S. V., Dunbar, S., et al. (2016). The Sleep/Wake Cycle Is Directly Modulated by Changes in Energy Balance. Sleep, 39 1691-1700. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.6094
Abstract
$\textbf{Study Objectives:}$ The rise in obesity has been paralleled by a decline in sleep duration in epidemiological studies. However, the potential mechanisms linking energy balance and the sleep/wake cycle are not well understood. We aimed to examine the effects of manipulating energy balance on the sleep/wake cycle.
$\textbf{Methods:}$ Twelve healthy normal weight men were housed in a clinical research facility and studied at three time points: baseline, after energy balance was disrupted by 2 days of caloric restriction to 10% of energy requirements, and after energy balance was restored by 2 days of $\textit{ad libitum}$/free feeding. Sleep architecture, duration of sleep stages, and sleep-associated respiratory parameters were measured by polysomnography.
$\textbf{Results:}$ Two days of caloric restriction significantly increased the duration of deep (stage 4) sleep (16.8% to 21.7% of total sleep time; P = 0.03); an effect which was entirely reversed upon free feeding (P = 0.01). Although the apnea-hypopnea index stayed within the reference range (< 5 events per hour), it decreased significantly from caloric restriction to free feeding (P = 0.03). Caloric restriction was associated with a marked fall in leptin (P < 0.001) and insulin levels (P = 0.002). The fall in orexin levels from baseline to caloric restriction correlated positively with duration of stage 4 sleep (Spearman rho = 0.83, P = 0.01) and negatively with the number of awakenings in caloric restriction (Spearman rho = -0.79, P = 0.01).
$\textbf{Conclusions:}$ We demonstrate that changes in energy homeostasis directly and reversibly impact on the sleep/wake cycle. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for investigating the association between sleep duration and obesity risk.
Keywords
sleep, caloric restriction, leptin, orexin
Sponsorship
Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, European Research Council, Bernard Wolfe Health Neuroscience Fund, Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant IDs: PBLAP3-145870, P3SMP3-155318), European Society of Endocrinology (Grant ID: IESP), German Research Foundation (Grant ID: TR-SFB 654, B01), NeuroFAST consortium which is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) (Grant ID: 245009)
Funder references
Wellcome Trust (099038/Z/12/Z)
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.6094
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/260673
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