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Observation and modelling of ferromagnetic contact-induced spin relaxation in Hanle spin precession measurements

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

O'Brien, L 
Spivak, D 
Krueger, N 
Peterson, TA 
Erickson, MJ 

Abstract

In the nonlocal spin valve (NLSV) geometry, four-terminal electrical Hanle effect measurements have the potential to provide a particularly simple determination of the lifetime (τs) and diffusion length (λN) of spins injected into nonmagnetic (N) materials. Recent papers, however, have demonstrated that traditional models typically used to fit such data provide an inaccurate measurement of τs in ferromagnet (FM)/N metal devices with low interface resistance, particularly when the separation of the source and detector contacts is small. In the transparent limit, this shortcoming is due to the back diffusion and subsequent relaxation of spins within the FM contacts, which is not properly accounted for in standard models of the Hanle effect. Here we have used the separation dependence of the spin accumulation signal in NLSVs with multiple FM/N combinations, and interfaces in the diffusive limit, to determine λN in traditional spin valve measurements. We then compare these results to Hanle measurements as analyzed using models that either include or exclude spin sinking. We demonstrate that differences between the spin valve and Hanle measurements of λN can be quantitatively modelled provided that both the FM contact-induced isotropic spin sinking and the full three-dimensional geometry of the devices, which is particularly important at small contact separations, are accounted for. We find, however, that considerable difficulties persist, in particular due to the sensitivity of fitting to the contact interface resistance and the FM contact magnetization rotation, in precisely determining λN with the Hanle technique alone, particularly at small contact separations.

Description

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Physical Society via http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.094431

Keywords

51 Physical Sciences, 5104 Condensed Matter Physics

Journal Title

PHYSICAL REVIEW B

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2469-9950
2469-9969

Volume Title

94

Publisher

American Physical Society (APS)
Sponsorship
This work was funded by Seagate Technology Inc. and the University of Minnesota (UMN) NSF MRSEC under DMR- 1420013, as well as NSF DMR-1104951 and NSF DMR-1507048. L.O’B. acknowledges a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (project no. 299376).Parts of this work were carried out in the UMN Characterization Facility and Minnesota Nano Center, which receive partial support from the NSF MRSEC and NSF NNIN programs, respectively.