Equivalent theories redefine Hamiltonian observables to exhibit change in general relativity
Accepted version
Peer-reviewed
Repository URI
Repository DOI
Change log
Authors
Abstract
Change and local spatial variation are missing in canonical General Relativity's observables as usually defined, an aspect of the problem of time. Definitions can be tested using equivalent formulations of a theory, non-gauge and gauge, because they must have equivalent observables and everything is observable in the non-gauge formulation. Taking an observable from the non-gauge formulation and finding the equivalent in the gauge formulation, one requires that the equivalent be an observable, thus constraining definitions. For massive photons, the de Broglie–Proca non-gauge formulation observable
The definition for external gauge symmetries can be tested using massive gravity, where one can install gauge freedom by parametrization with clock fields X A . The non-gauge observable
The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for massive gravity are those of General Relativity + $ \Lambda $ + 4 scalars, so the same definition of observables applies to General Relativity. Local fields such as
Description
Keywords
Journal Title
Conference Name
Journal ISSN
1361-6382
Volume Title
Publisher
Publisher DOI
Sponsorship
John Templeton Foundation (60745)