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Stones of Science: Charles Harriot Smith and the Importance of Geology in Architecture, 1834-64

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Gillin, EJ 

Abstract

In mid nineteenth-century Britain, the study of geology involved radical new understandings of the earth’s history. This had ramifications for architecture, providing new ways of seeing stone and designing buildings. This article examines the works of stone-mason Charles Smith. Following the destruction of the Houses of Parliament in 1834, the government initiated a national survey to select a stone for Britain’s new legislature. Alongside geologists Henry De la Beche and William Smith, Charles Smith toured the buildings and quarries of Britain, producing a report that was intended to guide not only the choice of stone at Westminster, but all future architectural projects. He spent the following two decades promoting geological knowledge for architectural work. His reading of texts that examined the earth’s geological formation, such as Charles Lyell’s, shaped new understandings of stone and cement. This article demonstrates how, in a rapidly industrialising society, geology and architecture became increasingly inseparable.

Description

Keywords

33 Built Environment and Design, 3301 Architecture

Journal Title

Architectual History

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0066-622X
2059-5670

Volume Title

59

Publisher

Cambridge University Press