We present the first high-resolution sub-mm survey of both dust and gas for a large population of protoplanetary disks. Characterizing fundamental properties of protoplanetary disks on a statistical level is critical to understanding how disks evolve into the diverse exoplanet population. We use ALMA to survey 89 protoplanetary disks around stars with $M\ast >0.1 M\odot$ in the young (1--3~Myr), nearby (150--200~pc) Lupus complex. Our observations cover the 890~$\mu$m continuum and the $\mathrm{<mrow\; data-mjx-texclass="ORD">13</mrow>}$CO and C$\mathrm{<mrow\; data-mjx-texclass="ORD">18</mrow>}$O 3--2 lines. We use the sub-mm continuum to constrain $Mdust$ to a few Martian masses (0.2--0.4~$M\oplus$) and the CO isotopologue lines to constrain $Mgas$ to roughly a Jupiter mass (assuming ISM-like $[CO]/[H2]$ abundance). Of 89 sources, we detect 62 in continuum, 36 in $\mathrm{<mrow\; data-mjx-texclass="ORD">13</mrow>}$CO, and 11 in C$\mathrm{<mrow\; data-mjx-texclass="ORD">18</mrow>}$O at $>3\sigma$ significance. Stacking individually undetected sources limits their average dust mass to $\lesssim 6$ Lunar masses (0.03~$M\oplus$), indicating rapid evolution once disk clearing begins. We find a positive correlation between $Mdust$ and $M\ast$, and present the first evidence for a positive correlation between $Mgas$ and $M\ast$, which may explain the dependence of giant planet frequency on host star mass. The mean dust mass in Lupus is 3$\times$ higher than in Upper Sco, while the dust mass distributions in Lupus and Taurus are statistically indistinguishable. Most detected disks have $Mgas\lesssim 1 MJup$ and gas-to-dust ratios , assuming ISM-like $[CO]/[H2]$ abundance; unless CO is very depleted, the inferred gas depletion indicates that planet formation is well underway by a few Myr and may explain the unexpected prevalence of super-Earths in the exoplanet population.