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Frogs on trees?

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Peer-reviewed

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Abstract

We study a system of simple random walks on Td,n=Vd,n,Ed,n), the d-ary tree of depth n, known as the frog model. Initially there are Pois(λ) particles at each site, independently, with one additional particle planted at some vertex o. Initially all particles are inactive, except for the ones which are placed at o. Active particles perform (independent) $ t \in \mathbb{N} \cup {\infty } $ steps of simple random walk on the tree. When an active particle hits an inactive particle, the latter becomes active. The model is often interpreted as a model for a spread of an epidemic. As such, it is natural to investigate whether the entire population is eventually infected, and if so, how quickly does this happen. Let Rt be the set of vertices which are visited by the process. Let $\mathcal{S}(\mathcal{T}{d,n}) := \inf {t:\mathcal{R}t = \mathcal{V}{d,n} } .Letthecovertime\mathrm{CT}(\mathcal{T}{d,n})$ be the first time by which every vertex was visited at least once, when we take t=. We show that there exist absolute constants, c,C>0 such that for all d≥2 and all $\lambda = \lambda_n $ which does not diverge nor vanish too rapidly, with high probability cλS(Td,n)/nlog⁡(n/λ)≤C and CT(Td,n)≤34log⁡|Vd,n|.

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Keywords

frog model, epidemic spread, rumor spread, simple random walks, cover times, susceptibility, trees

Journal Title

Electronic Journal of Probability

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1083-6489
1083-6489

Volume Title

23

Publisher

Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Sponsorship
EPSRC grant EP/L018896/1