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Association between plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids and metabolic markers of lipid, hepatic, inflammation and glycaemic pathways in eight European countries: a cross-sectional analysis in the EPIC-InterAct study.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Article

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Authors

Sharp, Stephen J 
Imamura, Fumiaki 
Koulman, Albert 
Schulze, Matthias B 

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that individual circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are heterogeneous in their associations with cardio-metabolic diseases, but evidence about associations of SFAs with metabolic markers of different pathogenic pathways is limited. We aimed to examine the associations between plasma phospholipid SFAs and the metabolic markers of lipid, hepatic, glycaemic and inflammation pathways. METHODS: We measured nine individual plasma phospholipid SFAs and derived three SFA groups (odd-chain: C15:0 + C17:0, even-chain: C14:0 + C16:0 + C18:0, and very-long-chain: C20:0 + C22:0 + C23:0 + C24:0) in individuals from the subcohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study across eight European countries. Using linear regression in 15,919 subcohort members, adjusted for potential confounders and corrected for multiple testing, we examined cross-sectional associations of SFAs with 13 metabolic markers. Multiplicative interactions of the three SFA groups with pre-specified factors, including body mass index (BMI) and alcohol consumption, were tested. RESULTS: Higher levels of odd-chain SFA group were associated with lower levels of major lipids (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB)) and hepatic markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)). Higher even-chain SFA group levels were associated with higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglycerides, ApoB, ApoB/A1 ratio, ALT, AST, GGT and CRP, and lower levels of HDL-C and ApoA1. Very-long-chain SFA group levels showed inverse associations with triglycerides, ApoA1 and GGT, and positive associations with TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C, ApoB and ApoB/A1. Associations were generally stronger at higher levels of BMI or alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Subtypes of SFAs are associated in a differential way with metabolic markers of lipid metabolism, liver function and chronic inflammation, suggesting that odd-chain SFAs are associated with lower metabolic risk and even-chain SFAs with adverse metabolic risk, whereas mixed findings were obtained for very-long-chain SFAs. The clinical and biochemical implications of these findings may vary by adiposity and alcohol intake.

Description

Keywords

Even-chain, Glycaemic, Hepatic, Inflammation, Lipids, Metabolic markers, Odd-chain, Saturated fatty acids, Very-long-chain, Adult, Aged, Biomarkers, Blood Glucose, Body Mass Index, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Fats, Europe, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Triglycerides, Young Adult

Journal Title

BMC Med

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1741-7015
1741-7015

Volume Title

15

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Sponsorship
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/1)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/5)
European Commission (37197)
MRC (unknown)
European Commission Horizon 2020 (H2020) Marie Sk?odowska-Curie actions (701708)
Medical Research Council (G1000143)
Cancer Research Uk (None)
Cancer Research Uk (None)
Cancer Research Uk (None)
Medical Research Council (G0401527)
Cancer Research Uk (None)
Department of Health (via National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)) (unknown)
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (NF-SI-0512-10114)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/P028195/1)
Department of Health (via National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)) (NF-SI-0512-10135)
Medical Research Council (MR/P011705/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/P01836X/1)
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CUH) (146281)
Medical Research Council (MC_EX_MR/L100002/1)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M027252/1)
Medical Research Council (MC_PC_13030)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (IS-BRC-1215-20014)
Medical Research Council (G0401527/1)