Identification and characterisation of a hyper-variable apoplastic effector gene family of the potato cyst nematodes.
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Authors
Eves-van den Akker, Sebastian
Lilley, Catherine J
Jones, John T
Urwin, Peter E
Publication Date
2014-09Journal Title
PLoS Pathog
ISSN
1553-7366
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Volume
10
Issue
9
Pages
e1004391
Language
eng
Type
Article
Physical Medium
Electronic-eCollection
Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Eves-van den Akker, S., Lilley, C. J., Jones, J. T., & Urwin, P. E. (2014). Identification and characterisation of a hyper-variable apoplastic effector gene family of the potato cyst nematodes.. PLoS Pathog, 10 (9), e1004391. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004391
Abstract
Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes are obligate biotrophs that modify host root tissues, using a suite of effector proteins to create and maintain a feeding site that is their sole source of nutrition. Using assumptions about the characteristics of genes involved in plant-nematode biotrophic interactions to inform the identification strategy, we provide a description and characterisation of a novel group of hyper-variable extracellular effectors termed HYP, from the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida. HYP effectors comprise a large gene family, with a modular structure, and have unparalleled diversity between individuals of the same population: no two nematodes tested had the same genetic complement of HYP effectors. Individuals vary in the number, size, and type of effector subfamilies. HYP effectors are expressed throughout the biotrophic stages in large secretory cells associated with the amphids of parasitic stage nematodes as confirmed by in situ hybridisation. The encoded proteins are secreted into the host roots where they are detectable by immunochemistry in the apoplasm, between the anterior end of the nematode and the feeding site. We have identified HYP effectors in three genera of plant parasitic nematodes capable of infecting a broad range of mono- and dicotyledon crop species. In planta RNAi targeted to all members of the effector family causes a reduction in successful parasitism.
Keywords
Cell Wall, Animals, Tylenchoidea, Plant Roots, Secernentea Infections, Helminth Proteins, DNA, Helminth, Immunoblotting, In Situ Hybridization, Cloning, Molecular, Computational Biology, Plant Diseases, Amino Acid Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Life Cycle Stages, Multigene Family, Molecular Sequence Data, Solanum tuberosum, Host-Parasite Interactions, DNA Copy Number Variations, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Plant Cells
Identifiers
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004391
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/279787
Rights
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Licence URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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