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The Influence of Maternal Obesity and Breastfeeding on Infant Appetite- and Growth-Related Hormone Concentrations: The SKOT Cohort Studies.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Larnkjær, Anni 
Ong, Ken K 
Carlsen, Emma M 
Ejlerskov, Katrine T 
Mølgaard, Christian 

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Exposure to obesity during pregnancy may lead to adverse changes in the offspring's metabolic profile. We compared appetite- and growth-related hormones in a cohort of infants born to obese mothers (SKOT-II) with infants born mainly to nonobese mothers (SKOT-I). METHODS: Infants from SKOT-I (n = 273) and SKOT-II (n = 132) were examined including anthropometric measurements and blood samples analyzed for glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), adiponectin, and leptin. Information on breastfeeding and parental characteristics were also collected. RESULTS: At 9 months of age, SKOT-II infants were 3.6% heavier and 1.2% longer than SKOT-I infants even though their mothers were shorter. There was no difference in body mass index (BMI). SKOT-II infants had higher levels of insulin, adiponectin, and leptin but lower levels of IGF-I compared to SKOT-I infants (all p ≤ 0.015). These differences remained, except for leptin, when adjusted for current weight. Breastfeeding versus nonbreastfeeding at 9 months was associated with lower concentrations of all hormones (all p ≤ 0.003). In adjusted models, maternal BMI at 9 months was positively associated with insulin and adiponectin and negatively with IGF-I. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-pregnancy obesity confers symmetrically larger infant body size and higher levels of most growth- and appetite-related hormones but surprisingly lower levels of IGF-I, suggesting other possible infant growth-promoting effects through insulin.

Description

Keywords

Appetite hormones, IGF-I, Infancy, Insulin, Pre-pregnancy obesity, Adiponectin, Adult, Appetite, Body Size, Breast Feeding, Female, Humans, Infant, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Leptin, Male, Obesity, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications

Journal Title

Horm Res Paediatr

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1663-2818
1663-2826

Volume Title

90

Publisher

S. Karger AG
Sponsorship
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/2)