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Renal and Cardiovascular Risk According to Tertiles of Urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio: The Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT).

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Type

Article

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Authors

Marcovecchio, M Loredana 
Chiesa, Scott T 
Armitage, Jane 
Daneman, Denis 
Donaghue, Kim C 

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Baseline data from the Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT) indicated that tertiles of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (ACRs) in the normal range at age 10-16 years are associated with risk markers for diabetic nephropathy (DN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to determine whether the top ACR tertile remained associated with DN and CVD risk over the 2-4-year AdDIT study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred fifty adolescents (mean age 14.1 years [SD 1.6]) with baseline ACR in the upper tertile (high-ACR group) recruited to the AdDIT trial, who remained untreated, and 396 (age 14.3 years [1.6]) with ACR in the middle and lower tertiles (low-ACR group), who completed the parallel AdDIT observational study, were evaluated prospectively with assessments of ACR and renal and CVD markers, combined with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) at baseline and end of study. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 3.9 years, the cumulative incidence of microalbuminuria was 16.3% in the high-ACR versus 5.5% in the low-ACR group (log-rank P < 0.001). Cox models showed independent contributions of the high-ACR group (hazard ratio 4.29 [95% CI 2.08-8.85]) and HbA1c (1.37 [1.10-1.72]) to microalbuminuria risk. cIMT change from baseline was significantly greater in the high- versus low-ACR group (mean difference 0.010 mm [0.079], P = 0.006). Changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, and hs-CRP were also significantly greater in the high-ACR group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ACR at the higher end of the normal range at the age of 10-16 years is associated with an increased risk of progression to microalbuminuria and future CVD risk, independently of HbA1c.

Description

Keywords

Adolescent, Albuminuria, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Child, Creatinine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetic Angiopathies, Diabetic Nephropathies, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Kidney, Male, Risk Factors, Urinalysis

Journal Title

Diabetes Care

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0149-5992
1935-5548

Volume Title

41

Publisher

American Diabetes Association
Sponsorship
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Ltd (JDRF) (8-2007-902)
British Heart Foundation (via University College London (UCL)) (07CC14)
Diabetes UK (RD06/0003341)
Diabetes UK (None)
Diabetes UK (None)
Medical Research Council (MC_PC_12026)
AdDIT was funded by Diabetes UK, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, the British Heart Foundation and in Canada the JDRF- Canadian Clinical Trial Network (CCTN), the Canadian Diabetes Association and the Heart and Stroke Foundation Canada.