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Gluconeogenic precursor availability regulates flux through the glyoxylate shunt in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Article

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Authors

Crousilles, Audrey 
Brear, Paul 
Chirgadze, Dimitri Y 

Abstract

The glyoxylate shunt bypasses the oxidative decarboxylation steps of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby conserving carbon skeletons for gluconeogenesis and biomass production. In Escherichia coli, carbon flux is redirected through the first enzyme of the glyoxylate shunt, isocitrate lyase (ICL), following phosphorylation and inactivation of the TCA cycle enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), by the kinase/phosphatase, AceK. In contrast, mycobacterial species lack AceK and employ a phosphorylation-insensitive isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), which is allosterically activated by the product of ICL activity, glyoxylate. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses IDH, ICD, ICL, and AceK, raising the question of how these enzymes are regulated to ensure proper flux distribution between the competing pathways. Here, we present the structure, kinetics, and regulation of ICL, IDH, and ICD from P. aeruginosa We found that flux partitioning is coordinated through reciprocal regulation of these enzymes, linking distribution of carbon flux to the availability of the key gluconeogenic precursors, oxaloacetate and pyruvate. Specifically, a greater abundance of these metabolites activated IDH and inhibited ICL, leading to increased TCA cycle flux. Regulation was also exerted through AceK-dependent phosphorylation of ICD; high levels of acetyl-CoA (which would be expected to accumulate when oxaloacetate is limiting) stimulated the kinase activity of AceK, whereas high levels of oxaloacetate stimulated its phosphatase activity. In summary, the TCA cycle-glyoxylate shunt branch point in P. aeruginosa has a complex enzymology that is profoundly different from those in other species characterized to date. Presumably, this reflects its predilection for consuming fatty acids, especially during infection scenarios.

Description

Keywords

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), allosteric regulation, bacterial metabolism, bacterial pathogenesis, bacterial virulence, enzyme regulation, enzyme structure, gluconeogenesis, glyoxylate shunt, isocitrate dehydrogenase, isocitrate lyase, metabolic adaptation, metabolic regulation, post-translational modification (PTM), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) (Krebs cycle), Acetyl Coenzyme A, Citric Acid Cycle, Crystallography, X-Ray, Decarboxylation, Escherichia coli, Gluconeogenesis, Glyoxylates, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Isocitrate Lyase, Kinetics, Oxaloacetic Acid, Phosphorylation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Journal Title

J Biol Chem

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0021-9258
1083-351X

Volume Title

293

Publisher

Elsevier BV
Sponsorship
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M019411/1)