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DNA-PK Is Targeted by Multiple Vaccinia Virus Proteins to Inhibit DNA Sensing.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Scutts, Simon R 
Ember, Stuart W 
Ren, Hongwei 
Ye, Chao 
Lovejoy, Christopher A 

Abstract

Virus infection is sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detecting virus nucleic acids and initiating an innate immune response. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a PRR that binds cytosolic DNA and is antagonized by vaccinia virus (VACV) protein C16. Here, VACV protein C4 is also shown to antagonize DNA-PK by binding to Ku and blocking Ku binding to DNA, leading to a reduced production of cytokines and chemokines in vivo and a diminished recruitment of inflammatory cells. C4 and C16 share redundancy in that a double deletion virus has reduced virulence not seen with single deletion viruses following intradermal infection. However, non-redundant functions exist because both single deletion viruses display attenuated virulence compared to wild-type VACV after intranasal infection. It is notable that VACV expresses two proteins to antagonize DNA-PK, but it is not known to target other DNA sensors, emphasizing the importance of this PRR in the response to infection in vivo.

Description

Keywords

DNA protein kinase, DNA sensing, IRF3 signaling, immune evasion, pattern recognition receptor, protein C4, vaccinia virus, virulence factor, Administration, Intranasal, Animals, Cytokines, DNA, DNA-Activated Protein Kinase, Female, HEK293 Cells, HeLa Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Ku Autoantigen, Lymphocyte Activation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Protein Binding, Protein Multimerization, T-Lymphocytes, Vaccinia virus, Viral Proteins, Virulence

Journal Title

Cell Rep

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2211-1247
2211-1247

Volume Title

25

Publisher

Elsevier BV
Sponsorship
Wellcome Trust (090315/Z/09/Z)
Wellcome Trust (090315/B/09/A)
Wellcome Trust (090315) Lister Institute