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Association between progestin-only contraceptive use and cardiometabolic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

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Authors

Glisic, Marija 
Shahzad, Sara 
Tsoli, Stergiani 
Chadni, Mahmuda 
Asllanaj, Eralda 

Abstract

Aims The association between progestin-only contraceptive (POC) use and the risk of various cardiometabolic outcomes has rarely been studied. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the impact of POC use on cardiometabolic outcomes including venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension and diabetes. Methods and results Nineteen observational studies (seven cohort and 12 case-control) were included in this systematic review. Of those, nine studies reported the risk of venous thromboembolism, six reported the risk of myocardial infarction, six reported the risk of stroke, three reported the risk of hypertension and two studies reported the risk of developing diabetes with POC use. The pooled adjusted relative risks (RRs) for venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction and stroke for oral POC users versus non-users based on the random effects model were 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-1.62), 0.98 (95% CI 0.66-1.47) and 1.02 (95% CI 0.72-1.44), respectively. Stratified analysis by route of administration showed that injectable POC with a RR of 2.62 (95% CI 1.74-3.94), but not oral POCs (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.7-1.62), was associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. A decreased risk of venous thromboembolism in a subgroup of women using an intrauterine levonorgestrel device was observed with a RR of 0.53 (95% CI 0.32-0.89). No effect of POC use on blood pressure was found, but there was an indication for an increased risk of diabetes with injectable POCs, albeit non-significant. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that oral POC use is not associated with an increased risk of developing various cardiometabolic outcomes, whereas injectable POC use might increase the risk of venous thromboembolism.

Description

Keywords

Progestogen, cardiometabolic risk, contraception, hypertension, myocardial infarction, progesterone, progestin-only pill, stroke, type 2 diabetes, venous thromboembolism, women, Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal, Diabetes Mellitus, Drug Implants, Female, Humans, Injections, Middle Aged, Progestins, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Venous Thromboembolism, Young Adult

Journal Title

Eur J Prev Cardiol

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2047-4873
2047-4881

Volume Title

25

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)
Sponsorship
Medical Research Council (MR/L003120/1)
British Heart Foundation (None)