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Accurate autocorrelation modeling substantially improves fMRI reliability.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Aston, John 
Rua, Catarina 
Williams, Guy B 

Abstract

Given the recent controversies in some neuroimaging statistical methods, we compare the most frequently used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) analysis packages: AFNI, FSL and SPM, with regard to temporal autocorrelation modeling. This process, sometimes known as pre-whitening, is conducted in virtually all task fMRI studies. Here, we employ eleven datasets containing 980 scans corresponding to different fMRI protocols and subject populations. We found that autocorrelation modeling in AFNI, although imperfect, performed much better than the autocorrelation modeling of FSL and SPM. The presence of residual autocorrelated noise in FSL and SPM leads to heavily confounded first level results, particularly for low-frequency experimental designs. SPM's alternative pre-whitening method, FAST, performed better than SPM's default. The reliability of task fMRI studies could be improved with more accurate autocorrelation modeling. We recommend that fMRI analysis packages provide diagnostic plots to make users aware of any pre-whitening problems.

Description

Keywords

Algorithms, Artifacts, Brain, Computer Simulation, Datasets as Topic, Functional Neuroimaging, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Linear Models, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reproducibility of Results

Journal Title

Nat Commun

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2041-1723
2041-1723

Volume Title

10

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Sponsorship
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/N014588/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/M009041/1)
Medical Research Council (MR/M024873/1)
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