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Procreative consciousness in a global market: gay men's paths to surrogacy in the USA.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

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Authors

Abstract

This article explores one of the contemporary contexts of reproductive decision-making: gay men's paths to surrogacy within the globalised USA fertility industry. The stories collected from qualitative interviews and ethnographic research with 37 gay men from several countries in Europe and the USA, who all had children through surrogacy in the USA, show that the men's understandings of their own reproductive aspirations and opportunities changed over time, as if recovering the fertility that was lost by coming out. This shift in the men's procreative consciousness - i.e. in their awareness of being subjects that could reproduce (or not) - disrupts the heteronormative idea that to be queer is not to contribute to the reproduction of the species, the family and the nation. Alongside this consciousness shift, however, reproductive decision-making of the gay men in this study was contingent on multiple factors: access to the fertility industry; economics, given how expensive and thus stratified surrogacy is; social support in the men's communities and extended families; their emotions and values. Therefore these gay men's reproductive decision-making could be characterized in terms of reproductive contingency and consciousness change, within which the globalised fertility industry was one relevant element among the choreography of multiple factors. These findings evidence that despite naturalization of reproduction as an obvious or 'natural' event in life, it is contingent, anything but obvious, and its perceptions are changeable. Reproduction is achieved not merely as a result of rational decision-making but rather in the interplay with an array of factors.

Description

Keywords

LGBTQ reproduction, fertility industry, gay fathers, procreative consciousness, reproductive decision-making, surrogacy

Journal Title

Reprod Biomed Soc Online

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2405-6618
2405-6618

Volume Title

7

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Rights

All rights reserved
Sponsorship
European Commission (629341)
Wellcome Trust (100606/Z/12/Z)
Wellcome Trust (209829/Z/17/Z)
Wellcome Trust (grant no. 100606 and grant no. 209829/Z/17/Z); European Commission (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, grant no. 629341); Spanish Ministry of Economy, Competitiveness and Industry (grant no. CSO2015-64551-C3-1-R)