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Where can a Trappist-1 planetary system be produced?

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Haworth, Thomas J 
Facchini, Stefano 
Clarke, Cathie J 
Mohanty, Subhanjoy 

Abstract

We study the evolution of protoplanetary discs that would have been precursors of a Trappist-1-like system under the action of accretion and external photoevaporation in different radiation environments. Dust grains swiftly grow above the critical size below which they are entrained in the photoevaporative wind, so although gas is continually depleted, dust is resilient to photoevaporation after only a short time. This means that the ratio of the mass in solids (dust plus planetary) to the mass in gas rises steadily over time. Dust is still stripped early on, and the initial disc mass required to produce the observed 4 M⊕ of Trappist-1 planets is high. For example, assuming a Fatuzzo & Adams distribution of UV fields, typical initial disc masses have to be >30 per cent the stellar (which are still Toomre Q stable) for the majority of similar mass M dwarfs to be viable hosts of the Trappist-1 planets. Even in the case of the lowest UV environments observed, there is a strong loss of dust due to photoevaporation at early times from the weakly bound outer regions of the disc. This minimum level of dust loss is a factor of 2 higher than that which would be lost by accretion on to the star during 10 Myr of evolution. Consequently, even in these least irradiated environments, discs that are viable Trappist-1 precursors need to be initially massive (>10 per cent of the stellar mass).

Description

Keywords

accretion, accretion discs, hydrodynamics, protoplanetary discs, circumstellar matter, photodissociation region (PDR)

Journal Title

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1365-2966
1365-2966

Volume Title

475

Publisher

Oxford University Press
Sponsorship
European Research Council (341137)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/N000927/1)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/H008586/1)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/K00333X/1)
Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/M007065/1)
TJH is funded by an Imperial College London Junior Research Fellowship. CJC acknowledges support from the DISCSIM project, grant agreement 34113, 7 funded by the European Research Council under ERC-2013-ADG. This work was partly developed during and benefited from the MIAPP ‘Protoplanetary discs and planet formation and evolution’ programme. The photoevaporation models in this paper were run on the COSMOS Shared Memory system at DAMTP, University of Cambridge operated on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility. This equipment is funded by BIS National E-infrastructure capital grant ST/J005673/1 and STFC grants ST/H008586/1, ST/K00333X/1. DiRAC is part of the National E-Infrastructure.