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LC3-positive structures are prominent in autophagy-deficient cells.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Stamatakou, Eleanna 
Siddiqi, Farah H 
Puri, Claudia 
Zhu, Ye 

Abstract

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process across eukaryotes that degrades cargoes like aggregate-prone proteins, pathogens, damaged organelles and macromolecules via delivery to lysosomes. The process involves the formation of double-membraned autophagosomes that engulf the cargoes destined for degradation, sometimes with the help of autophagy receptors like p62, which are themselves autophagy substrates. LC3-II, a standard marker for autophagosomes, is generated by the conjugation of cytosolic LC3-I to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the surface of nascent autophagosomes. As LC3-II is relatively specifically associated with autophagosomes and autolysosomes (in the absence of conditions stimulating LC3-associated phagocytosis), quantification of LC3-positive puncta is considered as a gold-standard assay for assessing the numbers of autophagosomes in cells. Here we find that the endogenous LC3-positive puncta become larger in cells where autophagosome formation is abrogated, and are prominent even when LC3-II is not formed. This occurs even with transient and incomplete inhibition of autophagosome biogenesis. This phenomenon is due to LC3-I sequestration to p62 aggregates, which accumulate when autophagy is impaired. This observation questions the reliability of LC3-immunofluorescence assays in cells with compromised autophagy.

Description

Keywords

Autophagy, Autophagy-Related Protein 7, Autophagy-Related Proteins, Gene Knockdown Techniques, HeLa Cells, Humans, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins, Ubiquitin, Vesicular Transport Proteins

Journal Title

Sci Rep

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2045-2322
2045-2322

Volume Title

9

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Rights

All rights reserved
Sponsorship
We are grateful for funding from the UK Dementia Research Institute (funded by the MRC, Alzheimer’s Research UK and the Alzheimer’s Society) (DCR). Gautam M. Runwal was supported by the Commonwealth Scholarships Commission, UK. Ye Zhu was supported jointly by the Cambridge Trust and China Scholarship Council.