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Palaeoproteomic evidence identifies archaic hominins associated with the Châtelperronian at the Grotte du Renne.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Welker, Frido 
Hajdinjak, Mateja 
Talamo, Sahra 
Jaouen, Klervia 
Dannemann, Michael 

Abstract

In Western Europe, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is associated with the disappearance of Neandertals and the spread of anatomically modern humans (AMHs). Current chronological, behavioral, and biological models of this transitional period hinge on the Châtelperronian technocomplex. At the site of the Grotte du Renne, Arcy-sur-Cure, morphological Neandertal specimens are not directly dated but are contextually associated with the Châtelperronian, which contains bone points and beads. The association between Neandertals and this "transitional" assemblage has been controversial because of the lack either of a direct hominin radiocarbon date or of molecular confirmation of the Neandertal affiliation. Here we provide further evidence for a Neandertal-Châtelperronian association at the Grotte du Renne through biomolecular and chronological analysis. We identified 28 additional hominin specimens through zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) screening of morphologically uninformative bone specimens from Châtelperronian layers at the Grotte du Renne. Next, we obtain an ancient hominin bone proteome through liquid chromatography-MS/MS analysis and error-tolerant amino acid sequence analysis. Analysis of this palaeoproteome allows us to provide phylogenetic and physiological information on these ancient hominin specimens. We distinguish Late Pleistocene clades within the genus Homo based on ancient protein evidence through the identification of an archaic-derived amino acid sequence for the collagen type X, alpha-1 (COL10α1) protein. We support this by obtaining ancient mtDNA sequences, which indicate a Neandertal ancestry for these specimens. Direct accelerator mass spectometry radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modeling confirm that the hominin specimens date to the Châtelperronian at the Grotte du Renne.

Description

Keywords

Châtelperronian, Neandertal, ZooMS, palaeoproteomics, Alleles, Animals, Archaeology, Bayes Theorem, Bone and Bones, Carbon Isotopes, Chromatography, Liquid, Collagen Type X, DNA, Mitochondrial, France, Hominidae, Humans, Paleontology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Proteomics, Radiometric Dating, Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Journal Title

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0027-8424
1091-6490

Volume Title

113

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Rights

Publisher's own licence