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Stabilization of AgI's polar surfaces by the aqueous environment, and its implications for ice formation.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Cox, Stephen J 

Abstract

Silver iodide is one of the most potent inorganic ice nucleating particles known, a feature generally attributed to the excellent lattice match between its basal Ag-(0001) and I-(000-1) surfaces, and ice. This crystal termination, however, is a type-III polar surface, and its surface energy therefore diverges with crystal size unless a polarity compensation mechanism prevails. In this simulation study, we investigate to what extent the surrounding aqueous environment is able to provide such polarity compensation. On its own, we find that pure H2O is unable to stabilize the AgI crystal in a physically reasonable manner, and that mobile charge carriers such as dissolved ions, are essential. In other words, proximate dissolved ions must be considered an integral part of the heterogeneous ice formation mechanism. The simulations we perform utilize recent advances in simulation methodology in which appropriate electric and electric displacement fields are imposed. A useful by-product of this study is the direct comparison to the commonly used Yeh-Berkowitz method that this enables. Here we find that naive application of the latter leads to physically unreasonable results, and greatly influences the structure of H2O in the contact layer. We therefore expect these results to be of general importance to those studying polar/charged surfaces in aqueous environments.

Description

Keywords

cond-mat.mtrl-sci, cond-mat.mtrl-sci, cond-mat.stat-mech

Journal Title

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1463-9084
1463-9084

Volume Title

21

Publisher

Royal Society of Chemistry

Rights

All rights reserved
Sponsorship
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (1800796)
T. S. is supported by a departmental studentship (No. RG84040) sponsored by the Engineering and Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the United Kingdom. We are grateful for computational support from the UK Materials and Molecular Modelling Hub, which is partially funded by EPSRC (EP/P020194), for which access was obtained via the UKCP consortium and funded by EPSRC grant ref EP/P022561/1. S. J. C. is supported by a Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 Research Fellowship.