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Koopman mode expansions between simple invariant solutions

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Page, Jacob 
Kerswell, Rich R 

Abstract

A Koopman decomposition is a powerful method of analysis for fluid flows leading to an apparently linear description of nonlinear dynamics in which the flow is expressed as a superposition of fixed spatial structures with exponential time dependence. Attempting a Koopman decomposition is simple in practice due to a connection with Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). However, there are non-trivial requirements for the Koopman decomposition and DMD to overlap which mean it is often difficult to establish whether the latter is truly approximating the former. Here, we focus on nonlinear systems containing multiple simple invariant solutions where it is unclear how to construct a consistent Koopman decomposition, or how DMD might be applied to locate these solutions. First, we derive a Koopman decomposition for a heteroclinic connection in a Stuart-Landau equation revealing two possible expansions. The expansions are centred about the two fixed points of the equation and extend beyond their linear subspaces before breaking down at a crossover point in state space. Well-designed DMD can extract the two expansions provided that the time window does not contain this crossover point. We then apply DMD to the Navier-Stokes equations near to a heteroclinic connection in low-Reynolds number (Re=O(100)) plane Couette flow where there are multiple simple invariant solutions beyond the constant shear basic state. This reveals as many different Koopman decompositions as simple invariant solutions present and again indicates the existence of crossover points between the expansions in state space. Again, DMD can extract these expansions only if it does not include a crossover point.

Description

Keywords

low-dimensional models, transition to turbulence

Journal Title

Journal of Fluid Mechanics

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0022-1120
1469-7645

Volume Title

879

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Rights

All rights reserved
Sponsorship
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/K034529/1)