International concern to develop sustainably challenges us to act upon the inherent links between 23 our economy, society and environment, and is leading to increasing acknowledgement of 24 biodiversity’s importance. This Review discusses the breadth of ways in which biodiversity can 25 support sustainable development. It uses the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a basis for 26 exploring scientific evidence of the benefits delivered by biodiversity. It focuses on papers that 27 provide examples of how biodiversity components (i.e. ecosystems, species and genes) directly 28 deliver benefits that may contribute to the achievement of individual SDGs. It also considers how 29 biodiversity’s direct contributions to fulfilling some SDGs may indirectly support the achievement of 30 other SDGs to which biodiversity does not contribute directly. How the attributes (e.g. diversity, 31 abundance or composition) of biodiversity components influence the benefits delivered is also 32 presented, where described by the papers reviewed. While acknowledging potential negative 33 impacts and trade-offs between different benefits, the study concludes that biodiversity may 34 contribute to fulfilment of all SDGs.