Challenging racialized institutions: a history of Black and Minority Ethnic housing associations in England between 1948 and 2018
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This paper reviews the history of black and minority ethnic housing associations in England since the arrival of Commonwealth migrants. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Lawrence and Buchannan (2017), we examine the interplay of institutional control, agency and resistance, in a highly racialized context. We identify five phases in the development of grassroots organisers into housing associations, describing the different types of ‘institutional work’ involved in challenging racialized institutions and establishing new institutions. The exercise of episodic power to achieve institutional agency created resistance from powerful actors seeking to maintain systemic power. The growing movement for BME housing fought to establish organizational legitimacy. Achieving this enabled them to serve and represent their communities, but also entailed compromising more radical political agendas. Racialized aspects are largely lacking from institutional theory, as are the actions of racialized individuals and organizations. In looking at a highly racialized context, we hope to contribute to understanding the institutional work done by such groups, and the challenges they face as their efforts develop and become legitimated.
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1758-7751