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Using HARPS-N to characterise the long-period planets in the PH-2 and Kepler-103 systems

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Dubber, Sophie C 
Rice, Ken 
Nava, Chantanelle 
Malavolta, Luca 

Abstract

We present confirmation of the planetary nature of PH-2b, as well as the first mass estimates for the two planets in the Kepler-103 system. PH-2b and Kepler-103c are both long-period and transiting, a sparsely-populated category of exoplanet. We use {\it Kepler} light-curve data to estimate a radius, and then use HARPS-N radial velocities to determine the semi-amplitude of the stellar reflex motion and, hence, the planet mass. For PH-2b we recover a 3.5-σ mass estimate of Mp=109−32+30 M and a radius of Rp=9.49±0.16 R. This means that PH-2b has a Saturn-like bulk density and is the only planet of this type with an orbital period P>200 days that orbits a single star. We find that Kepler-103b has a mass of Mp,b=11.7−4.72+4.31 M and Kepler-103c has a mass of Mp,c=58.5−11.4+11.2 M. These are 2.5σ and 5σ results, respectively. With radii of Rp,b=3.49−0.05+0.06 R, and Rp,c=5.45−0.17+0.18 R, these results suggest that Kepler-103b has a Neptune-like density, while Kepler-103c is one of the highest density planets with a period P>100 days. By providing high-precision estimates for the masses of the long-period, intermediate-mass planets PH-2b and Kepler-103c, we increase the sample of long-period planets with known masses and radii, which will improve our understanding of the mass-radius relation across the full range of exoplanet masses and radii.

Description

Keywords

astro-ph.EP, astro-ph.EP

Journal Title

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0035-8711
1365-2966

Volume Title

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Rights

All rights reserved
Sponsorship
The HARPS-N project has been funded by the Prodex Program of the Swiss Space Office (SSO), the Harvard University Origins of Life Initiative (HUOLI), the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), the University of Geneva, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), and the Italian National Astrophysical Institute (INAF), the University of St Andrews, Queen’s University Belfast, and the University of Edinburgh. AM acknowledges support from Senior Kavli Institute Fellowships at the University of Cambridge. ACC acknowledges support from the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) consolidated grant number ST/R000824/1. AV’s and RDH’s work was performed under contract with the California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. LM acknowledges support from PLATO ASI-INAF agreement n.2015-019-R.1-2018 This publication was made possible through the support of a grant from the John Templeton Foundation. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the John Templeton Foundation. This material is partly based upon work supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grants No. NNX15AC90G and NNX17AB59G issued through the Exoplanets Research Program. Some of this work has been carried out in the frame of the National Centre for Competence in Research ‘PlanetS’ supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).