jats:secjats:titleAims:</jats:title>jats:p This study investigates object ellipsis in English and Korean speakers’ second language (L2) Chinese speech production and the effects of first language (L1) influence in L2 Chinese speech production. </jats:p></jats:sec>jats:secjats:titleDesign:</jats:title>jats:p 59 English speakers and 64 Korean speakers at various Chinese proficiency levels, as well as 16 native speakers of Chinese, participated in the study. In addition to an acceptability judgement test, an utterance-recall task was employed in the study to prime participants for relevant structures. </jats:p></jats:sec>jats:secjats:titleFindings:</jats:title>jats:p There are early stages where derivations, such as move, deletion, etc., are not implemented in L2 speech production, although at later stages L2 speech production mechanisms can converge with that of native speakers. No evidence of L1 influence is found, and L2 learners are found to behave differently in the utterance-recall task and the sentence acceptability judgement task. </jats:p></jats:sec>jats:secjats:titleOriginality:</jats:title>jats:p The study includes data from L2 Chinese learners from beginner to advanced levels and provides a comprehensive picture of structural priming effects on the development of L2 speech production. </jats:p></jats:sec>jats:secjats:titleImplications:</jats:title>jats:p There is a discontinuity in the development of L2 speech production mechanisms, and the development of the mechanisms is incremental in nature. Mechanisms for L2 language comprehension are different from those for L2 speech production, at least as far as L2 at the early stages is concerned. </jats:p></jats:sec>