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The latent structure of Acute Stress Disorder symptoms in trauma-exposed children and adolescents.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

McKinnon, Anna 
Meiser-Stedman, Richard  ORCID logo  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-623X
Dixon, Clare 
Kassam-Adams, Nancy 

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The revision of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) in the DSM-5 (DSM-5, 2013) proposes a cluster-free model of ASD symptoms in both adults and youth. Published evaluations of competing models of ASD clustering in youth have rarely been examined. METHODS: We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (combined with multigroup invariance tests) to explore the latent structure of ASD symptoms in a trauma-exposed sample of children and young people (N = 594). The DSM-5 structure was compared with the previous DSM-IV conceptualization (4-factor), and two alternative models proposed in the literature (3-factor; 5-factor). Model fit was examined using goodness-of-fit indices. We also established DSM-5 ASD prevalence rates relative to DSM-IV ASD, and the ability of these models to classify children impaired by their symptoms. RESULTS: Based on both the Bayesian Information Criterion, the interfactor correlations and invariance testing, the 3-factor model best accounted for the profile of ASD symptoms. DSM-5 ASD led to slightly higher prevalence rates than DSM-IV ASD and performed similarly to DSM-IV with respect to categorising children impaired by their symptoms. Modifying the DSM-5 ASD algorithm to a 3+ or 4+ symptom requirement was the strongest predictor of impairment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a uni-factorial general-distress model is not the optimal model of capturing the latent structure of ASD symptom profiles in youth and that modifying the current DSM-5 9+ symptom algorithm could potentially lead to a more developmentally sensitive conceptualization.

Description

Keywords

Acute Stress Disorder, DSM-5, children, factor analysis, post-traumatic stress disorder, Adolescent, Child, England, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Statistical, Philadelphia, Prevalence, Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute

Journal Title

J Child Psychol Psychiatry

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0021-9630
1469-7610

Volume Title

57

Publisher

Wiley
Sponsorship
MRC (unknown)