Objectives: To determine differences in body composition and glucose metabolism according to childhood growth outcomes, in a population-based sample of children born small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: Single-centre study of 259 children born SGA identified through hospital records and contacted when aged 4-7years. Questionnaire data on pre/perinatal history and growth parameters during childhood were collected from the parents and, in a subgroup of 150 children, face-to-face assessments were performed, including anthropometric parameters, lean and fat mass, blood pressure, fasting glucose and C-peptide. Results: Based on the questionnaires few children had formal clinic follow-up of growth, but 7% of the cohort showed height and weight <-2SDS during childhood, and only 2 children were put on GH therapy. Out of the 150 children assessed at a mean age of 6.1±0.8 years, 122 (81%) showed catch-up growth in weight. Compared to those without weight catch-up, they had higher fat mass index (3.13±1.36 vs 2.56±0.91Kg/m2, p=0.04), trunk/limb fat mass ratio (0.63±0.14 vs 0.56±0.08, p=0.002), systolic blood pressure SDS (0.09±0.71 vs -0.32±0.63, p=0.008), fasting glucose (4.5±0.5 vs 4.3±0.5 mmol/l, p=0.03) and C-peptide (306±116 vs 256±112pmol/l, p=0.08). Among children with weight catch-up growth, those with less height gain had lower limb lean (4.25±0.48 vs 4.48±0.56Kg/m2, p=0.02) and fat mass index (1.57±0.59 vs 1.83±0.77Kg/m2, p=0.04). Conclusions: Within this population-based sample of SGA children, catch-up growth in weight was associated with higher abdominal fat mass, blood pressure and glycemia; furthermore, in these children less height gain was associated with reduced limb lean mass.