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Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey.

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

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Type

Article

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Authors

Tabah, Alexis 
Ramanan, Mahesh 
Laupland, Kevin B 
Buetti, Niccolò 
Cortegiani, Andrea 

Abstract

PURPOSE: To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). MATERIALS AND METHOD: A web-based survey distributed worldwide in April 2020. RESULTS: We received 2711 responses from 1797 (67%) physicians, 744 (27%) nurses, and 170 (6%) Allied HCW. For routine care, most (1557, 58%) reportedly used FFP2/N95 masks, waterproof long sleeve gowns (1623; 67%), and face shields/visors (1574; 62%). Powered Air-Purifying Respirators were used routinely and for intubation only by 184 (7%) and 254 (13%) respondents, respectively. Surgical masks were used for routine care by 289 (15%) and 47 (2%) for intubations. At least one piece of standard PPE was unavailable for 1402 (52%), and 817 (30%) reported reusing single-use PPE. PPE was worn for a median of 4 h (IQR 2, 5). Adverse effects of PPE were associated with longer shift durations and included heat (1266, 51%), thirst (1174, 47%), pressure areas (1088, 44%), headaches (696, 28%), Inability to use the bathroom (661, 27%) and extreme exhaustion (492, 20%). CONCLUSIONS: HCWs reported widespread shortages, frequent reuse of, and adverse effects related to PPE. Urgent action by healthcare administrators, policymakers, governments and industry is warranted.

Description

Keywords

COVID-19, Health care workers, Intensive care, Personal protective equipment, Safety, Adult, Africa, Allied Health Personnel, Asia, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Europe, Eye Protective Devices, Female, Gloves, Protective, Headache, Health Personnel, Hot Temperature, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional, Intensive Care Units, Male, Masks, Middle Aged, North America, Nurses, Occupational Health, Oceania, Pandemics, Personal Protective Equipment, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Physicians, Pneumonia, Viral, Respiratory Protective Devices, SARS-CoV-2, South America, Surgical Attire, Surveys and Questionnaires, Thirst

Journal Title

J Crit Care

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0883-9441
1557-8615

Volume Title

59

Publisher

Elsevier BV
Sponsorship
Wellcome Trust (205214/Z/16/Z)