Repository logo
 

Victim-Offender Overlap in Violent Crime: Targeting Crime Harm in a Canadian Suburb

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Change log

Authors

Hiltz, Natalie 
Bland, Matthew 
Barnes, Geoffrey C 

Abstract

jats:titleAbstract</jats:title>jats:sec jats:titleResearch Question</jats:title> jats:pTo what extent are victims of violent crime also offenders, and vice versa, with what concentrations of total crime harm across each person who has ever been reported as both a victim and an offender within the study period?</jats:p> </jats:sec>jats:sec jats:titleData</jats:title> jats:pWe analyse 27,233 unique individuals who were the subject of violent crime reports to the Peel Regional Police Service in Canada, either as offenders, victims, or both, for crimes reported between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016. Each individual linked to a violent crime in this period was tracked for the 730 days subsequent to the first crime report naming them.</jats:p> </jats:sec>jats:sec jats:titleMethods</jats:title> jats:pWe coded each crime with the Canadian Crime Severity Index (CCSI) to calculate victimization and offending harm totals across all incidents for each individual. We then computed each individual’s ratio of total CCSI from victimization to total CCSI from victimization. Based on the distribution of these ratios of CCSI from all offending to all victimization, we show how police can distinguish three categories of victim-offenders (VOs): predominant victims (PVs), predominant offenders (POs), and balanced victim-offenders (BVOs), as well as the single-category absolute offenders (AOs) and absolute victims (AVs).</jats:p> </jats:sec>jats:sec jats:titleFindings</jats:title> jats:pAcross all 27,233 individuals tracked, 17,138 (64%) appeared first as victims, and 10,095 (36%) appeared first as suspects. Of those appearing first as victims, 997 (6%) are linked to a violent crime as an offender within 730 days. Among those appearing first as offenders, 1019 (10%) are subsequently reported as victimized within 730 days. The total of this combined group (VOs) = 1665 individuals (6% of the entire population). Using a 3.5:1 ratio of victim to offender harm, we subdivide the 1665 VOs further into 322 predominant victims, 280 predominant offenders, and 1063 balanced victim-offenders. The 20% of individuals (jats:italicn</jats:italic> = 5455) with highest harm are linked to 71% of overall harm. On average, predominant offenders (who have also been victimized) are associated with 2.7 times as much harm as absolute offenders, and predominant victims (who have also been offenders) have three times as much harm as absolute victims.</jats:p> </jats:sec>jats:sec jats:titleConclusions</jats:title> jats:pThis research shows how combining records of victimization and offending to target higher harm levels with greater potential benefits for police investments in harm reduction and prevention.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

Description

Funder: University of Cambridge

Keywords

4804 Law In Context, 4805 Legal Systems, 44 Human Society, 48 Law and Legal Studies, 4402 Criminology, 4407 Policy and Administration, Mental Health, Violence Research, Prevention, Mental health

Journal Title

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2520-1344
2520-1336

Volume Title

4

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC