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University students’ epistemic profiles, conceptions of learning, and academic performance

Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Ketonen, Elina 
Vermunt, Jan D. 

Abstract

Abstract: University students’ epistemic beliefs may have practical consequences for studying and success in higher education. Such beliefs constitute epistemic theories that may empirically manifest themselves as epistemic profiles. This study examined university students’ epistemic profiles and their relations to conceptions of learning, age, gender, discipline, and academic achievement. The participants were 1515 students from five faculties who completed questionnaires about epistemic beliefs, including a subsample who also completed a questionnaire that included conceptions of learning. We measured epistemic beliefs: reflective learning, collaborative knowledge-building, valuing metacognition, certain knowledge, and practical value. First, we analyzed structural validity by using confirmatory factor analysis. Second, we conducted latent profile analysis that revealed three epistemic profiles: Pragmatic (49%), reflective-collaborative (26%) and fact-oriented (25%). Then, we compared the conceptions of learning across the profiles as well as demographic information, credits, and grades. The profiles’ conceptions of learning varied: The reflective-collaborative group scored high on conception of learning named “construction of knowledge.” Its members were more likely to be females, teachers, and mature students, and they had the highest academic achievement. The fact-oriented group (mostly engineering/science students) scored highest on “intake of knowledge.” The pragmatic group scored highest on “use of knowledge:” During the second year, their academic achievement improved. In sum, the epistemic profiles were closely related to conceptions of learning and also associated with academic achievement.

Description

Keywords

Article, Epistemic beliefs, Epistemic profiles, Epistemic cognition, Approaches to learning, Conceptions of learning, Academic performance, Academic achievement, Cluster analysis, Latent profile analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis, University students, Teacher education, Engineering education, Higher education

Journal Title

Higher Education

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0018-1560
1573-174X

Volume Title

81

Publisher

Springer Netherlands
Sponsorship
Kulttuurin ja Yhteiskunnan Tutkimuksen Toimikunta (308352)
Academy of Finland (318353)
Jenny ja Antti Wihurin Rahasto (Professor Pool)
Strategic Research Council (327242)