Electronics with shape actuation for minimally invasive spinal cord stimulation.

Abstract

Spinal cord stimulation is one of the oldest and most established neuromodulation therapies. But today, clinicians need to choose between bulky paddle-type devices, requiring invasive surgery under general anesthetic, and percutaneous lead-type devices, which can be implanted via simple needle puncture under local anesthetic, but offer technical and clinical drawbacks when compared with paddle devices. By applying a combination of photo- and soft-lithography fabrication we have developed a device which features thin, flexible electronics and integrated fluidic channels. This device can be rolled up into the shape of a standard percutaneous needle then implanted on the site of interest before being expanded in situ, unfurling into its paddle type conformation. The device and implantation procedure have been validated in vitro and on a human cadaver model. The development of this device paves the way for shape-changing bioelectronic devices that offer a large footprint for sensing or stimulation but are introduced percutaneously to the patient in a minimally invasive fashion.