Image Encoding Using MultiāLevel DNA Barcodes with Nanopore Readout
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Abstract: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanostructureābased data encoding is an emerging information storage mode, offering rewritable, editable, and secure data storage. Herein, a DNA nanostructureābased storage method established on a solidāstate nanopore sensing platform to save and encrypt a 2D grayscale image is proposed. DNA multiāway junctions of different sizes are attached to a double strand of DNA carriers, resulting in distinct levels of current blockades when passing through a glass nanopore with diameters around 14 nm. The resulting quaternary encoding doubles the capacity relative to a classical binary system. Through toeholdāmediated strand displacement reactions, the DNA nanostructures can be precisely added to and removed from the DNA carrier. By encoding the image into 16 DNA carriers using the quaternary barcodes and reading them in one simultaneous measurement, the image is successfully saved, encrypted, and recovered. Avoiding any proteins or enzymatic reactions, the authors thus realize a pure DNA storage system on a nanopore platform with increased capacity and programmability.
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1613-6829