Datasets have been organised based on the various experimental techniques (e.g. AFM, IRTF/FTIR, Nanoindentation, SEM, SHG, Tomography, XRD) and analytical methods employed to study the ancient Egyptian (old or Louvre samples) and conventional (modern or Ecotechnilin or Lin samples). In all cases (except for micro-CT tomography) both raw and processed data has been provided. For micro-CT tomography data only processed data has been provided; raw data may be requested from corresponding author upon reasonable request.