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Developmental Relations Between Internalising Problems and ADHD in Childhood: a Symptom Level Perspective.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

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Authors

Speyer, Lydia Gabriela  ORCID logo  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-4020
Eisner, Manuel 
Ribeaud, Denis 
Luciano, Michelle 
Auyeung, Bonnie 

Abstract

ADHD and internalising problems commonly co-occur with up to 50% of children diagnosed with ADHD also suffering from anxiety or depression. However, their developmental relations are currently not well understood. Longitudinal symptom level analyses can provide valuable insights into how difficulties in these areas of psychosocial functioning affect each other. Using Gaussian Graphical Models and Graphical Vector Autoregression Models, this study estimated cross-sectional and longitudinal networks of ADHD and internalising symptoms in 1387 children using parent- and teacher-reported Social Behaviour Questionnaires (SBQ) when children were aged 7, 9 and 11. Cross-sectional and longitudinal networks suggested that ADHD shares reciprocal relations with internalising symptoms through a number of potential bridge symptoms that are primarily connected to anxiety symptoms. High scores on child cannot sit still, is restless, or hyperactive were found to be the strongest bridge symptom acting as an antecedent to higher internalising symptoms whereas child is worried was the strongest antecedent for higher ADHD symptoms. Findings of this study highlight several potential bridge symptoms that may serve as key intervention targets and further emphasise the need for clinicians to assess children presenting with ADHD symptoms for internalising problems and vice versa.

Description

Funder: Jacobs Foundation; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003986


Funder: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711

Keywords

ADHD, Internalising problems, Longitudinal network modelling, Z-proso, Anxiety, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires

Journal Title

Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2730-7166
2730-7174

Volume Title

49

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Sponsorship
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/N018877/1)
Baily Thomas Charitable Fund (TRUST/VC/AC/SG/469207686)
H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (No.813546)
The University of Edinburgh (Principal’s Careers Development Scholarship)