Investigating molecular mechanisms of 2A-stimulated ribosomal pausing and frameshifting in Theilovirus.
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Abstract
The 2A protein of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) acts as a switch to stimulate programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) during infection. Here, we present the X-ray crystal structure of TMEV 2A and define how it recognises the stimulatory RNA element. We demonstrate a critical role for bases upstream of the originally predicted stem-loop, providing evidence for a pseudoknot-like conformation and suggesting that the recognition of this pseudoknot by beta-shell proteins is a conserved feature in cardioviruses. Through examination of PRF in TMEV-infected cells by ribosome profiling, we identify a series of ribosomal pauses around the site of PRF induced by the 2A-pseudoknot complex. Careful normalisation of ribosomal profiling data with a 2A knockout virus facilitated the identification, through disome analysis, of ribosome stacking at the TMEV frameshifting signal. These experiments provide unparalleled detail of the molecular mechanisms underpinning Theilovirus protein-stimulated frameshifting.
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Funder: Helmholtz Association
Funder: Royal Society
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1362-4962
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European Research Council (646891)
Wellcome Trust (202797/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (106207/Z/14/Z)
Wellcome Trust (203864/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (098406/Z/12/B)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/J007072/1)
Wellcome Trust (098406/Z/12/Z)