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The WIRE study a phase II, multi-arm, multi-centre, non-randomised window-of-opportunity clinical trial platform using a Bayesian adaptive design for proof-of-mechanism of novel treatment strategies in operable renal cell cancer - a study protocol.

Published version
Peer-reviewed

Type

Article

Change log

Authors

Ursprung, Stephan 
Mossop, Helen 
Gallagher, Ferdia A 
Sala, Evis 
Skells, Richard 

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Window-of-opportunity trials, evaluating the engagement of drugs with their biological target in the time period between diagnosis and standard-of-care treatment, can help prioritise promising new systemic treatments for later-phase clinical trials. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the 7th commonest solid cancer in the UK, exhibits targets for multiple new systemic anti-cancer agents including DNA damage response inhibitors, agents targeting vascular pathways and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here we present the trial protocol for the WIndow-of-opportunity clinical trial platform for evaluation of novel treatment strategies in REnal cell cancer (WIRE). METHODS: WIRE is a Phase II, multi-arm, multi-centre, non-randomised, proof-of-mechanism (single and combination investigational medicinal product [IMP]), platform trial using a Bayesian adaptive design. The Bayesian adaptive design leverages outcome information from initial participants during pre-specified interim analyses to determine and minimise the number of participants required to demonstrate efficacy or futility. Patients with biopsy-proven, surgically resectable, cT1b+, cN0-1, cM0-1 clear cell RCC and no contraindications to the IMPs are eligible to participate. Participants undergo diagnostic staging CT and renal mass biopsy followed by treatment in one of the treatment arms for at least 14 days. Initially, the trial includes five treatment arms with cediranib, cediranib + olaparib, olaparib, durvalumab and durvalumab + olaparib. Participants undergo a multiparametric MRI before and after treatment. Vascularised and de-vascularised tissue is collected at surgery. A ≥ 30% increase in CD8+ T-cells on immunohistochemistry between the screening and nephrectomy is the primary endpoint for durvalumab-containing arms. Meanwhile, a reduction in tumour vascular permeability measured by Ktrans on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI by ≥30% is the primary endpoint for other arms. Secondary outcomes include adverse events and tumour size change. Exploratory outcomes include biomarkers of drug mechanism and treatment effects in blood, urine, tissue and imaging. DISCUSSION: WIRE is the first trial using a window-of-opportunity design to demonstrate pharmacological activity of novel single and combination treatments in RCC in the pre-surgical space. It will provide rationale for prioritising promising treatments for later phase trials and support the development of new biomarkers of treatment effect with its extensive translational agenda. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03741426 / EudraCT: 2018-003056-21 .

Description

Keywords

Bayesian adaptive trial, Cediranib [MeSH], Clear cell renal cell carcinoma [MeSH], Clinical trial protocol [MeSH], Durvalumab [MeSH], Neoadjuvant therapy [MeSH], Olaparib [MeSH], Phase II clinical trial [MeSH], Window-of-opportunity, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antineoplastic Agents, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Bayes Theorem, Biopsy, Capillary Permeability, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Humans, Kidney, Kidney Neoplasms, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Medical Futility, Nephrectomy, Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Phthalazines, Piperazines, Proof of Concept Study, Quinazolines, Treatment Outcome, Tumor Burden

Journal Title

BMC Cancer

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

1471-2407
1471-2407

Volume Title

21

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Sponsorship
Cancer Research UK (C12912/A27150)
Cancer Research UK (C19212/A29082)
Cancer Research UK (C96/A25177)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (IS-BRC-1215-20014)
MRC (MR/T024097/1)